Manejo actual del aborto espontáneo / Current management of spontaneous abortion

Hoy en día se puede optar por una conducta más conservadora en el caso de los abortos espontáneos que ocurren antes de las 12 semanas de gestación gracias a un buen seguimiento sonográfico por vía vaginal. El aborto espontáneo es la complicación más común temprana del embarazo. Aproximadamente 10 a 20 por ciento de los embarazos clínicamente reconocidos, bajo las 20 semanas de gestación, sufrirá de un aborto espontáneo; 80 por ciento de aquellos ocurrirá en las primeras 12 semanas de gestación. Del total de abortos espontáneos, un tercio de estos ocurre antes de las 8 semanas de gestación, presentándose en su gran mayoría como huevos anembrionados. El uso de ultrasonido transvaginal ayuda al médico y al paciente para comprender la complicación de un embarazo causada por un sangrado temprano, asimismo orienta el manejo a seguir, el cual puede ser quirúrgico, médico o espectante. El manejo espectante es una alternativa para mujeres con falla temprana del embarazo menor de 12 semanas de gestación con signos vitales normales y sin evidencia de infección.

Estudo das alterações placentárias de gestantes com síndrome antifosfolípide: correlações anátomo-clínicas / Placental changes study in pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndrome: anatomic clinic correlation

A sindrome antifosfolípide é caracterizada pela ocorrência de eventos clínicos tromboembólicos associados a persistência laboratorial de anticorpos antifosfolípides. Na gravidez, está associada à perda fetal de repetição atribuída às tromboses placentárias e aumento de morbidades materno-fetais. Este estudo centrado numa amostra de gestantes com síndrome antifosfolípide, submetidas a protocolo terapêutico de anticoagulação, teve como objetivo avaliar as lesões placentárias encontradas nas placentas resultantes dessas gestações e correlacionar com as intercorrências maternas e repercussões perinatais./The antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by the occurrence of clinical events thromboembolic associated with the persistence laboratorial of antiphospholipid antibodies. In the pregnancy it is associated with the fetal loss attribuited by the placental thromboses and increase of fetal-maternal complications. This study centered in a sample of pregnant women with the antiphospholipid syndrome, submitted to a therapeutic protocol of anticoagulation, it has as an objective to evaluate the in these pregnant women and correlate with the maternal morbidity and pre-birth repercutions...

Fertility risk factors causing breast cancer

Next to lung cancer, breast cancer is the second cause of mortality among women. Although the prevalence of this disease has been increased, but the rate of mortality has not been changed during last three decades, this may be due to early diagnosis at the first stage of disease. The aim of this study is to determine fertility risk factor of breast cancel in women. This research is a case-control study which was performed in 1999 on three educational treatment centers related to Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Tehran. Personal, fertile characteristics in women with breast cancer were determined and compared with control group. 120 patients with breast cancer were selected randomly and compared with 120 healthy women. Results showed that majority [70%] of women with breast cancer were between 35 to 54 years old and there was significant relation between marital status and breast cancer [P < 0.006]. There was no relation between cancer and age of first menstruation, marriage age, number of pregnancy, age of first and last pregnancy, history of multiple pregnancy, history of breast feeding, duration of using OCP and age of menopause. But there was significant relation between number of abortion [P < 0.046]. In this study, risk factors of breast cancer were marital status, and there was a weak relation between number of abortion and breast cancer. Unfortunately some of this factors are not preventable, but for those factors which are manageable, proper program should be provided in order to make people aware of risk factors and ways of their prevention

Susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de Listeria spp isoladas de pacientes com aborto repetitivo / Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Listeria spp from endocervix of women with repeated abortion

Neste estudo foi verificada a susceptibilidade "in vitro" aos antimicrobianos de Listeria spp isoladas de endocévix de mulheres com clínica de aborto repetitivo. O tratamento de listeriose com antibióticos mais frequentemente recomendados (penicilina e ampicilina) é geralmente bem sucedido, porém há vários casos notificados de falhas terapêuticas. Foi utilizado o método de macrodiluiçäo em tubo para determinar as concentraçöes mínimas inibitórias (CMIs). A ampicilina e a penicilina foram bacteriostáticas para as Listeria spp. A gentamicina e a ciprofloxacina foram bactericidas, e CMBs foram até 3 vezes maiores que as respectivas CMIs. Por outro lado, as CMBs de penicilina e ampicilina foram pelo menos 6 vezes maiores que CMIs. Três amostras de Listeria monocytogenes mostraram tolerância para com penicilina e ampicilina